Renal Physiology is a comprehensive course that delves into the study of the intricate functions and mechanisms of the kidneys. The course focuses on understanding how the kidneys maintain fluid balance, regulate blood pressure, and excrete waste products from the body. Through a combination of lectures, discussions, and hands-on laboratory sessions, students will explore the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys in detail. They will learn about the filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes that occur within the nephron, the functional unit of the kidneys. Furthermore, the course will provide insights into how the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating electrolyte and acid-base balance. Students will gain a thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of sodium, potassium, calcium, and other vital ions in the body. Additionally, the course will cover topics such as renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and the role of hormones in renal function. Students will also become familiar with common disorders of the kidneys, including renal failure, urinary tract infections, and kidney stones. Throughout the course, students will have the opportunity to apply their knowledge through practical exercises and problem-solving scenarios. They will learn to interpret and analyze renal function tests, as well as develop an understanding of the diagnostic techniques used in the assessment of renal diseases. By the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive understanding of renal physiology, enabling them to identify and evaluate the various factors that influence kidney function. This course is essential for medical and health science students, as well as professionals working in the field of nephrology or related disciplines.